Udzungwa Mountains National Park is part of the Eastern Arc Mountains, which covers about 10,000 square kilometers and are almost entirely in Tanzania. Udzungwa Mountains National Park is located in Iringa and Morogoro regions, in south-central Tanzania. The Park covers a land area of approximately 1,990 square kilometers and lies within the Kilolo and Kilombero Districts in the Iringa and Morogoro Regions respectively. The Selous Game Reserve is to the east and Mikumi National Park is to the northeast. The Great Ruaha River borders the park in the north while the Ruipa and Msosa Rivers are in the west. The park extends to an altitude of 200m to 2,576m above sea level.
Udzungwa Mountains National Park was gazetted in 1992 from the former Forest Reserves of Mwanihana, Iwonde, Nyanganje and parts of Matundu and the West Kilombero Forest Reserves. The park was specifically created to safeguard the mountains’ water catchment and biological values. Udzungwa Mountains National Park is home to large animal species such as elephant, buffalo, hippopotamus and leopard. The Park is also home to endangered and endemic species, such as the Iringa red colobus and Sanje crested mangabey; the Udzungwa partridge and the Rufous-winged sunbird. The discovery of new flora and fauna continues in Udzungwa Mountains, which is the only place in Tanzania where forest cover is intact from the lowland acacia and miombo forest of the Great Ruaha Valley to high montane forests and grasslands to more than 2,500m above sea level. The World Conservation Society lists the Udzungwa as one of the 25 most important areas in the world for its biodiversity.
While the park itself contains only part of the entire endemic forest of the Udzungwa Mountains, it plays a crucial role in the area’s ecology. The park has several major water catchment areas that feed the surrounding river systems, which include the Great Ruaha River. A significant number of communities in the Kilombero Valley rely on rivers and streams originating from the park to get water for agricultural activities and domestic use. The rivers also contribute in the production hydroelectric power at Kidatu and Kihansi stations. Moreover, Udzungwa Mountains National Park recognizes the centuries-old traditions of the local people. Local communities will continue to get access to the park for cultural and religious reasons
Attractions in Udzungwa Mountains National Park
Sanje waterfalls
Sanje waterfalls is one of the most enchanting natural attractions in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park. This amazing waterfall is located in the heart of the park, a spectacular waterfall cascades over 170 meters down a series of rock ledge, surrounded by lush, tropical vegetation. The journey to the falls is an adventure to itself, requiring a rigorous hike through dense forests that are home to diverse flora and fauna. During the hike to these fascinating falls, you will have the chance to encounter different endemic species like Udzungwa red colobus monkeys, a rare primate that thrives in the park.
Upon reaching the falls, you will be greeted by the mesmerizing sight of water plunging into a crystal-clear pool at its base. Its an ideal spot for nature lovers, photographers and adventurers seeking away from urban hustle. The falls are also culturally significant to the local Wanzuma tribe. The best time to visit is during the rainy season when waterfall is at its most powerful, showcasing nature’s impressive force. Tourist are recommended to move along with the cameras to capture the beautiful images of the falls.
Luhomero Trail
The Luhomero Trail offers a wonderful trekking experience that showcases the rich biodiversity and stunning landscape of the Udzungwa Mountains. Spanning 13 kilometers, this well-marked path provides hikers with a challenging yet rewarding experience. During the trek, you will have the chance to navigate through the dense forests filled with towering trees, hidden wildlife and vibrant wildflowers, creating a sensory tapestry that characterizes this unique ecosystem.
One of the highlights of the Luhomeri Trail is the opportunity to explore the various microhabitats that host unique species including the endangered Udzungwa monkey and an array of colorful butterflies. While trekking, you will have the chance to encounter several viewpoints that offer breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and valleys. The luhomero trail is also steeped in cultural significance, as it passes through lands traditionally inhabited by local communities. This offers visitors the chance to engage with the indigenous culture, learn about their history, practices and sustainable living methods.
Mwanihana Peak
Mwanihana Peak stands tall at 2,438 meters and is a prominent feature in Udzungwa Mountains National Park. The peak offers an exhilarating trekking experience through dense forests filled with endemic flora and fauna. Hikers can encounter stunning wildlife such as the Iringa red colobus monkeys, unique to this region. The trail leads adventure through ancient trees and lush undergrowth, providing breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape as they ascend. The summit offers panoramic views stretching over the eastern Arc mountains, making it’s a perfect spot for photographers and nature lovers alike. The combination of challenging terrain and rewarding views makes Mwanihana peak a must-visit for serious trekkers.
Iringa Red Colobus Habitat
One of the rarest primates in the wild, the Iringa Red Colobus Monkeys calls Udzungwa Mountains National Park home. These unique primates are native to this region, offering visitors a chance to witness them in their natural habitat. The park’s dense rainforests and diverse ecosystems create the perfect environment for these creatures. Guided tours offer a deep dive into their behavior and adaptations, making for an enriching experience. Observing the playful antics of the Iringa red colobus while hiking through the verdant trails enhances the overall experience of immersing oneself in the wilderness, creating a lasting memory for nature enthusiasts and wildlife lovers.
Mamboya Plateau
Mamboya Plateau is located at a high altitude, Mamboya Plateau is known for its expansive views and biodiversity. Accessible via a moderately challenging hike, the plateau rewards visitors with sweeping views over the valleys of the Udzungwa mountains. The area is rich in wildlife, offering a chance to spot various bird species and endemic plants. The dramatic highland ecosystem is home to unique species varying from tiny insects to lush vegetation. The tranquil environment lends itself to contemplative experience, making it an ideal spot for bird watchers and those seeking natural beauty. Photographers will delight in capturing breathtaking scenery, especially during the sunrise and sunset.
Kilombero Valley
Kilombero Valley is located at the foothill of the Udzungwa Mountains. Kilombero Valley is an expansive wetland known for its rich biodiversity and stunning landscape. Its part of an important ecological corridor, featuring a mix of grasslands, swamps and forest. The valley attracts a myriad of birds including the striking African fish eagle, making it’s a birdwatcher’s paradise. The wetlands also play a vital role in the region’s hydrology and support local livelihoods through fishing and agriculture. Visitors can take guided boat tours along the insights into the local cultural and conservation efforts.
Njombe Forest Reserve
Njombe Forest Reserve is part of the larger Udzungwa mountains ecosystem, Njombe Forest Reserve is a biodiversity hotspot renowned for its unique species including the endangered yellow-throated olive pigeon. The reserves are characterized by pristine forest and rivers, providing ecological richness and opportunities for trekking and birdwatching. Visitors can explore virus trails that open up into stunning views, while the sounds of the vibrant wildlife envelop them. Guided tours often include informative insights on conservation efforts and the importance of protecting these ecosystems. The serene atmosphere amidst towering trees and flowing waters makes Njombe Forest Reserve a charm escape for nature lovers.
Activities don in Udzungwa Mountains National Park
There are so many thrilling activities that tourist exploring Udzungwa Mountains National Park can do as they gain and enjoy the serene atmosphere of the park such as,
Birding
Udzungwa Mountains National Park harbors about 400 bird species, making it the favorite destination for bird lovers. During your birding tours in the park, you will have the chance to spot variety of colorful birds such as brown snake-eagle, black goshawk, bar-tailed trogon, brown-headed parrot, Helmeted Guineafowl, Udzungwa Partridge, African Black Duck, Speckled Pigeon, Blue-spotted Wood-Dove, Purple-crested Turaco, Red-chested Cuckoo, Montane Nightjar, African Emerald Cuckoo, Mottled Swift, African Woolly-necked Stork, Shoebill, Hamerkop, Gray Heron, Hadada Ibis, Rufous-bellied Heron, Palm-nut Vulture, Crowned Eagle, White-backed Vulture and Verreaux’s Eagle among others
Primate tracking
Primate tracking in the Udzungwa Mountains offers an exhilarating and educational adventure for wildlife enthusiast and nature lovers alike. The Udzungwa region is renowned for its diverse and endemic primates’ species, making it an ideal destination for those eager to observe these fascinating creatures in their natural habitat. Udzungwa Mountains National Park is home to rare and unique primates such as Sanje mangabey, kipunji, Udzungwa red colobus, Angola colobus, Sykes’s monkey, yellow baboon and vervet monkeys. During you primate tracking, you will have the chance to spot these fascinating primates as they do with their daily activities such as foraging for food, feeding, carrying for their young ones, playing among others. The experience begins early in the morning when these fascinating creatures as active.
Waterfall exploration
Waterfall exploration in the Udzungwa Mountains offers visitors an exhilarating combinational of natural beauty and advantage. This region is home to numerous stunning waterfalls that cascade down the mountainous terrain, creating breathtaking sights and beckon to be explored. Among the most famous is the Sanje waterfall, which plunge about 170 meters and is accessible via hiking trails that takes you through the lush rainforest. the trail to the waterfall is an adventure in itself, revealing the area’s rich biodiversity you encounter various plants, birds and various unique monkey species. Upon reaching these majestic waterfalls, you will be rewarded with astonishing swimming spot where they can take a refreshing dip in the cool, crystal waters. The mesmerizing view from the vantage point near the falls offers photographic opportunities that capture the immense beauty of the cascading water against the verdant backdrop. Additionally, the sounds of water crashing down creates a meditative atmosphere, allowing for moments of tranquility in nature.
Wildlife viewing
Wildlife viewing in Udzungwa Mountains National Park is an exhilarating adventure that can lead to the discovery of rare and endemic species. The park is home for various mammals such as elephant, leopard, duikers, bushbucks, palm civet, buffalos, hunting dogs, African wild dogs. The lush vegetation supports a diverse primate such as Sanje mangabey, kipunji, Udzungwa red colobus, Angola colobus, Sykes’s monkey, yellow baboon, vervet monkeys and an array of bird species, providing ample opportunities for nature lovers. Guided wildlife viewing expeditions in the park typically includes early morning and late afternoon sightings. During your Wildlife viewing tours is when you will have the chance to spot a variety of these captivating creatures in their natural habitat.
Cultural interaction with local communities
The experience of visiting Udzungwa Mountains National Park extends beyond its natural beauty to encompass cultural interactions with the surrounding communities such as Wanji and Pogoro tribes, engaging with these communities offers tourist with a unique perspective on local traditions, crafts and lifestyles, deepening their appreciation for Tanzanian culture. During your visit, you will have the chance to observe and participate in traditional practices such as farming, weaving and pottery among others.
The best time to visit Udzungwa Mountains National Park
The best time to visit Udzungwa Mountains National Park is during the dry season, which typically run from June to October. During this time, the weather is generally sunny and clear, making it ideal for hiking and exploring the park’s diverse ecosystem. Visiting during the dry season also increases your chances of spotting wildlife, as animals are more active when water sources are scarce. The park is home to a variety of unique species including the Udzungwa colobus monkeys and African elephants, making it a must-visit destination for nature lovers. Additionally, the dry season is the best time for birdwatching in Udzungwa Mountains National Park, as many migratory species flock to the area during this time.
